The State Of Librariancy Article Analysis - 1355 Words

Buschman discusses the state of librarianship after the 2016 presidential election. The fact that â€Å"facts† no long alter views causes a serious problem not just for the media, but for library professionals as well. Even fact checking implies there is a balance between both sides of an issue, when in fact one side is so wrong it is misleading even to discuss it seriously. The amount of untruth that exists undermines the core values. He tells of the issue of the fiasco of the first press release from the ALA after the election led to another press release regretting the first press release and then documents were removed from the web and the first release retracted with a statement that recommitted to advancing the ALA’s core values.†¦show more content†¦She provides background her review, using Birdsall’s theory of progressive librarianship as the basis for her approach, especially the restructuring the flow of information so it moves horizontall y through people instead of coming from the top down. The literature review is extensive, but focused primarily on what the author finds to be â€Å"unique perspectives†. The library integrating Web 2.0 features encourages more patron participation, so instead of just reading information, users can talk to each other and even create their own content. This is cited as an example of how information can be generated from the bottom up. Internet filtering that is required by the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA), can be ineffective and block appropriate content, thus decreasing intellectual freedom. Also, it can damage the equalizing force of libraries by causing more harm to those libraries with already limited resources. Surveillance and privacy are also discussed. Librarians must preserve the standards of privacy for their patrons, especially in light of the collection of data by Google and Facebook. In conclusion, Childs argues that public librarians must defend intellectual freedom by â€Å"embracing their political agency and actively combating censorship and surveillance†. This article is a good literature review for recent articles on public libraries and intellectual freedom challenges. Dreyfuss, S., Ryan, M. (2016, January).

America the Cure of Terrorism - 1049 Words

Terrorism Terrorism is like a plague, killing and destroying innocent people. For every plague theret is a cure. That cure is America. Let’s face it, humans are insane. That’s why we’ve come as far as we have. But there’s a line to that insanity. The border line is terrorism. The definition of terrorism is the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims. Some major terrorist leaders are Osama Bin Laden, Ali Atwa, and Hazzin-Izz-Aldin. Taking care of these terrorists is just part of America’s responsibility to combat terrorism while protecting its citizens against it. People terrorize for many different reasons. Whether it’s just because they hate that country, doing it for a religious figure, or trying to please a leader of a terrorist cult, the killing of innocent people is still terrorism. But no matter how hard we try, there is always going to be a terrorist attack that we couldn’t get to in time. The most infamous, and deadly, terrorist attack on American soil was the attacks of September 11, 2001. The terrorists in this attack hijacked United Airlines 175 and 93, along with American Airlines 77 and 11. These planes were then flown into World Trade Center towers 1 and 2, the Pentagon, and 93 was heading for the capitol building, but was taken down by brave passengers. The United States upped security in airports by a lot, with solid metal cockpits, and scanners in airports. Another terrorist attack on U.S. soil that wasn’t foiled was theShow MoreRelatedEssay on History of Terrorism1536 Words   |  7 PagesWe define ter rorism as using force to influence or change a political decision. Given that there may be an array of situations the U.S. government and the American people are faced with on a daily basis, most would probably agree in saying that terrorism is the most imperative issue we are not only becoming victims to, but are interminably asked to deal with as well as finding a solution for. The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution. Some of these acts of terrorismRead More The Media’s Support of International Terrorism Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pages   The word of the attack spreads and soon it is the talk of the town. Many more attacks on Romans are made by the Sicarii and the Zealots.   Sympathizers of the Romans slowly disappear and their voices vanish from Jerusalem.   The fear of terrorism grows and Roman repression grows along with it, this in turn leads to the people of Jerusalem to revolt in 70 AD (Miller V).   If this attack had been made in some dark alley with no spectators would the people react the way they did? Read MorePresident Obama s Final State Of The Union Speech1013 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven his final State of the Union Speech. In his speech, Mr. Obama addressed one of the major concerns that is happening in America today. One of the key terms that he addressed is the Changing Economy and how it is growing and he talks about the concerning terrorist threats from the Islamic States by mentioning about the United States effort to prevent global terrorism with this powerful speech: â€Å"When you come after Americans, we go after you, It may take time, but we have long memories, and ourRead MoreDescribe The Tenets Of The Us Terrorism Strategy ( Eight Overarching Counterterrorism Goals995 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the tenets of the United States’ Terrorism Strategy (eight overarching counterterrorism goals). In 2011, then President Obama laid out eight overarching counterterrorism goals to create a framework for the U.S. global counterterrorism mission. 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Every new mind entering our country, brought with it hundreds of new ideas. Innovation is an important thing for our globalRead MoreThe Legacy Of Veteran Suicide1189 Words   |  5 Pagesheroes. Veteran suicide seems to have raised to an all-time high since the War on Terrorism (â€Å"Operation Never Forgotten†). Then again, veteran suicide seems to rise in numbers during any time of war. Lo oking back at the Vietnam Era, the veterans that had been to war and made it home to their families seemed to have had many mental instabilities (â€Å"Soldiers Mental Health†). As well as the veterans in today’s War on Terrorism seem to have had the same results, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ThereforeRead MoreIllegal Immigration 1280 Words   |  6 Pagesincreased competition in the job market but also created low paying jobs. Furthermore, the jobs would pay more and in return become more attractive if illegal immigrants would decline low wages. Many of the illegal immigrants have a criminal history in America. They have no documents to show their background since they enter illegally. â€Å"In our study of 55322 illegal aliens, we found that they were arrested at least a total of 459614 times, averaging about 8 arrest per illegal alien. All had more than oneRead MoreSyrian And The Syrian Civil War1191 Words   |  5 Pages2015). The fighting has caused millions to flee from Syria to nearby nations, as well as, countries far across the globe such as the U.S. Like many other countries, America is clueless on how to handle the waves of refugees seeking entrance to the country. In a time that our nation s efficiency in regards to defending against terrorism is questioned so greatly, many debates have risen on whether or not Syrian refugees should be allowed entry to the U.S. Fixing Other Immigration Problems at Home First

Black House Chapter Twenty-two Free Essays

22 THIS TIME THERE’S something that isn’t quite silence: a lovely white rushing he has heard once before. In the summer of 1997, Jack went up way north to Vacaville with an LAPD skydiving club called the P.F. We will write a custom essay sample on Black House Chapter Twenty-two or any similar topic only for you Order Now Flyers. It was a dare, one of those stupid things you got yourself into as a result of too many beers too late at night and then couldn’t get yourself out of again. Not with any grace. Which was to say, not without looking like a chickenshit. He expected to be frightened; instead, he was exalted. Yet he had never done it again, and now he knows why: he had come too close to remembering, and some frightened part of him must have known it. It was the sound before you pulled the ripcord that lonely white rushing of the wind past your ears. Nothing else to hear but the soft, rapid beat of your heart and maybe the click in your ears as you swallowed saliva that was in free fall, just like the rest of you. Pull the ripcord, Jack, he thinks. Time to pull the ripcord, or the landing’s going to be awfully damn hard. Now there’s a new sound, low at first but quickly swelling to a tooth-rattling bray. Fire alarm, he thinks, and then: No, it’s a symphony of fire alarms. At the same moment, Wendell Green’s hand is snatched out of his grip. He hears a faint, squawking cry as his fellow sky diver is swept away, and then there’s a smell Honeysuckle No, it’s her hair and Jack gasps against a weight on his chest and his diaphragm, a feeling that the wind has been knocked out of him. There are hands on him, one on his shoulder, the other at the small of his back. Hair tickling his cheek. The sound of alarms. The sound of people yelling in confusion. Running footfalls that clack and echo. â€Å"jack jack jack are you all right† â€Å"Ask a queen for a date, get knocked into the middle of next week,† he mutters. Why is it so dark? Has he been blinded? Is he ready for that intellectually rewarding and financially remunerative job as an ump at Miller Park? â€Å"Jack!† A palm smacks his cheek. Hard. No, not blind. His eyes are just shut. He pops them open and Judy is bending over him, her face inches from his. Without thinking, he closes his left hand in the hair at the nape of her neck, brings her face down to his, and kisses her. She exhales into his mouth a surprised reverse gasp that inflates his lungs with her electricity and then kisses him back. He has never been kissed with such intensity in his entire life. His hand goes to the breast beneath her nightdress, and he feels the frenzied gallop of her heart If she were to run faster, she’d catch her feet and fall, Jack thinks beneath its firm rise. At the same moment her hand slips inside his shirt, which has somehow come unbuttoned, and tweaks his nipple. It’s as hard and hot as the slap. As she does it, her tongue darts into his mouth in one quick plunge, there and gone, like a bee into a flower. He tightens his grip on the nape of her neck and God knows what would have happened next, but at that moment something falls over in the corridor with a huge crash of glass and someone screams. The voice is high and almost sexless with panic, but Jack believes it’s Ethan Evans, the sullen young person from the hall. â€Å"Get back here! Stop running, goldarnit!† Of course it’s Ethan; only a graduate of Mount Hebron Lutheran Sunday school would use goldarnit, even in extremis. Jack pulls away from Judy. She pulls away from him. They are on the floor. Judy’s nightdress is all the way up to her waist, exposing plain white nylon underwear. Jack’s shirt is open, and so are his pants. His shoes are still on, but on the wrong feet, from the feel of them. Nearby, the glass-topped coffee table is overturned and the journals that were on it are scattered. Some seem to have been literally blown out of their bindings. More screams from the corridor, plus a few cackles and mad ululations. Ethan Evans continues to yell at stampeding mental patients, and now a woman is yelling as well Head Nurse Rack, perhaps. The alarms bray on and on. All at once a door bursts open and Wendell Green gallops into the room. Behind him is a closet with clothes scattered everywhere, the spare items of Dr. Spiegleman’s wardrobe all ahoo. In one hand Wendell’s holding his Panasonic minicorder. In the other he has several gleaming tubular objects. Jack is willing to bet they’re double-A Duracells. Jack’s clothes have been unbuttoned (or perhaps blown open), but Wendell has fared much worse. His shirt is in tatters. His belly hangs over a pair of white boxer shorts, severely pee-stained in front. He is dragging his brown gabardine slacks by one foot. They slide across the carpet like a shed snakeskin. And although his socks are on, the left one appears to have been turned inside out. â€Å"What did you do?† Wendell blares. â€Å"Oh you Hollywood son of a bitch, WHAT DID YOU DO TO M â€Å" He stops. His mouth drops open. His eyes widen. Jack notes that the reporter’s hair appears to be standing out like the quills on a porcupine. Wendell, meanwhile, is noting Jack Sawyer and Judy Marshall, embracing on the glass- and paper-littered floor, with their clothes disarranged. They aren’t quite in flagrante delicious, but if Wendell ever saw two people on the verge, dese are dem. His mind is whirling and filled with impossible memories, his balance is shot, his stomach is chugging like a washing machine that has been overloaded with clothes and suds; he desperately needs something to hold on to. He needs news. Even better, he needs scandal. And here, lying in front of him on the floor, are both. â€Å"RAPE!† Wendell bellows at the top of his lungs. A mad, relieved grin twists up the corners of his mouth. â€Å"SAWYER BEAT ME UP AND NOW HE’S RAPING A MENTAL PATIENT!† It doesn’t look much like rape to Wendell, in all truth, but who ever yelled CONSENSUAL SEX! at the top of his lungs and attracted any attention? â€Å"Shut that idiot up,† Judy says. She yanks down the hem of her nightgown and prepares to stand. â€Å"Watch out,† Jack says. â€Å"Broken glass everywhere.† â€Å"I’m okay,† she snaps. Then, turning to Wendell with that perfect fearlessness Fred knew so well: â€Å"Shut up! I don’t know who you are, but quit that bellowing! Nobody’s being â€Å" Wendell backs away from Hollywood Sawyer, dragging his pants along with him. Why doesn’t someone come? he thinks. Why doesn’t someone come before he shoots me, or something? In his frenzy and near hysteria, Wendell has either not registered the alarms and general outcry or believes them to be going on inside his head, just a little more false information to go with his absurd â€Å"memories† of a black gunslinger, a beautiful woman in a robe, and Wendell Green himself crouching in the dust and eating a half-cooked bird like a caveman. â€Å"Keep away from me, Sawyer,† he says, backing up with his hands held out in front of him. â€Å"I have an extremely hungry lawyer. Caveet-emporer, you asshole, lay one finger on me and he and I will strip you of everything you OW! OW!† Wendell has stepped on a piece of broken glass, Jack sees probably from one of the prints that formerly decorated the walls and are now decorating the floor. He takes one more off-balance lurch backward, this time steps on his own trailing slacks, and goes sprawling into the leather recliner where Dr. Spiegleman presumably sits while quizzing his patients on their troubled childhoods. La Riviere’s premier muckraker stares at the approaching Nean-derthal with wide, horrified eyes, then throws the minicorder at him. Jack sees that it’s covered with scratches. He bats it away. â€Å"RAPE!† Wendell squeals. â€Å"HE’S RAPING ONE OF THE LOONIES! HE’S â€Å" Jack pops him on the point of the chin, pulling the punch just a little at the last moment, delivering it with almost scientific force. Wendell flops back in Dr. Spiegleman’s recliner, eyes rolling up, feet twitching as if to some tasty beat that only the semiconscious can truly appreciate. â€Å"The Mad Hungarian couldn’t have done better,† Jack murmurs. It occurs to him that Wendell ought to treat himself to a complete neurological workup in the not too distant future. His head has put in a hard couple of days. The door to the hall bursts open. Jack steps in front of the recliner to hide Wendell, stuffing his shirt into his pants (at some point he’s zipped his fly, thank God). A candy striper pokes her fluffy head into Dr. Spiegleman’s office. Although she’s probably eighteen, her panic makes her look about twelve. â€Å"Who’s yelling in here?† she asks. â€Å"Who’s hurt?† Jack has no idea what to say, but Judy manages like a pro. â€Å"It was a patient,† she says. â€Å"Mr. Lackley, I think. He came in, yelled that we were all going to be raped, and then ran out again.† â€Å"You have to leave at once,† the candy striper tells them. â€Å"Don’t listen to that idiot Ethan. And don’t use the elevator. We think it was an earthquake.† â€Å"Right away,† Jack says crisply, and although he doesn’t move, it’s good enough for the candy striper; she heads out. Judy crosses quickly to the door. It closes but won’t latch. The frame has been subtly twisted out of true. There was a clock on the wall. Jack looks toward it, but it’s fallen face-down to the floor. He goes to Judy and takes her by the arms. â€Å"How long was I over there?† â€Å"Not long,† she says, â€Å"but what an exit you made! Ka-pow! Did you get anything?† Her eyes plead with him. â€Å"Enough to know I have to go back to French Landing right away,† he tells her. Enough to know that I love you that I’ll always love you, in this world or any other. â€Å"Tyler . . . is he alive?† She reverses his grip so she is holding him. Sophie did exactly the same thing in Faraway, Jack remembers. â€Å"Is my son alive?† â€Å"Yes. And I’m going to get him for you.† His eye happens on Spiegleman’s desk, which has danced its way into the room and stands with all its drawers open. He sees something interesting in one of those drawers and hurries across the carpet, crunching on broken glass and kicking aside one of the prints. In the top drawer to the left of the desk’s kneehole is a tape recorder, considerably bigger than Wendell Green’s trusty Panasonic, and a torn piece of brown wrapping paper. Jack snatches up the paper first. Scrawled across the front in draggling letters he’s seen at both Ed’s Eats and on his own front porch is this: Deliver to JUDY MARSHALL also known as SOPHIE There are what appear to be stamps in the upper corner of the torn sheet. Jack doesn’t need to examine them closely to know that they are really cut from sugar packets, and that they were affixed by a dangerous old dodderer named Charles Burnside. But the Fisherman’s identity no longer matters much, and Speedy knew it. Neither does his location, because Jack has an idea Chummy Burnside can flip to a new one pretty much at will. But he can’t take the real doorway with him. The doorway to the furnace-lands, to Mr. Munshun, to Ty. If Beezer and his pals found that Jack drops the wrapping paper back into the drawer, hits the EJECT button on the tape recorder, and pops out the cassette tape inside. He sticks it in his pocket and heads for the door. â€Å"Jack.† He looks back at her. Beyond them, fire alarms honk and blat, lunatics scream and laugh, staff runs to and fro. Their eyes meet. In the clear blue light of Judy’s regard, Jack can almost touch that other world with its sweet smells and strange constellations. â€Å"Is it wonderful over there? As wonderful as in my dreams?† â€Å"It’s wonderful,† he tells her. â€Å"And you are, too. Hang in there, okay?† Halfway down the hallway, Jack comes upon a nasty sight: Ethan Evans, the young man who once had Wanda Kinderling as his Sunday school teacher, has laid hold of a disoriented old woman by her fat upper arms and is shaking her back and forth. The old woman’s frizzy hair flies around her head. â€Å"Shut up!† young Mr. Evans is shouting at her. â€Å"Shut up, you crazy old cow! You’re not going anywhere except back to your dadblame room!† Something about his sneer makes it obvious that even now, with the world turned upside down, young Mr. Evans is enjoying both his power to command and his Christian duty to brutalize. This is only enough to make Jack angry. What infuriates him is the look of terrified incomprehension on the old woman’s face. It makes him think of boys he once lived with long ago, in a place called the Sunlight Home. It makes him think of Wolf. Without pausing or so much as breaking stride (they have entered the endgame phase of the festivities now, and somehow he knows it), Jack drives his fist into young Mr. Evans’s temple. That worthy lets go of his plump and squawking victim, strikes the wall, then slides down it, his eyes wide and dazed. â€Å"Either you didn’t listen in Sunday school or Kinderling’s wife taught you the wrong lessons,† Jack says. â€Å"You . . . hit . . . me . . .† young Mr. Evans whispers. He finishes his slow dive splay-legged on the hallway floor halfway between the Records Annex and Ambulatory Ophthalmology. â€Å"Abuse another patient this one, the one I was just talking to, any of them and I’ll do a lot more than that,† Jack promises young Mr. Evans. Then he’s down the stairs, taking them two at a time, not noticing a handful of johnny-clad patients who stare at him with expressions of puzzled, half-fearful wonder. They look at him as if at a vision who passes them in an envelope of light, some wonder as brilliant as it is mysterious. Ten minutes later (long after Judy Marshall has walked composedly back to her room without professional help of any kind), the alarms cut off. An amplified voice perhaps even Dr. Spiegleman’s own mother wouldn’t have recognized it as her boy’s begins to blare from the overhead speakers. At this unexpected roar, patients who had pretty much calmed down begin to shriek and cry all over again. The old woman whose mistreatment so angered Jack Sawyer is crouched below the admissions counter with her hands over her head, muttering something about the Russians and Civil Defense. â€Å"THE EMERGENCY IS OVER!† Spiegleman assures his cast and crew. â€Å"THERE IS NO FIRE! PLEASE REPORT TO THE COMMON ROOMS ON EACH FLOOR! THIS IS DR. SPIEGLEMAN, AND I REPEAT THAT THE EMERGENCY IS OVER!† Here comes Wendell Green, weaving his way slowly toward the stairwell, rubbing his chin gently with one hand. He sees young Mr. Evans and offers him a helping hand. For a moment it looks as though Wendell may be pulled over himself, but then young Mr. Evans gets his buttocks against the wall and manages to gain his feet. â€Å"THE EMERGENCY IS OVER! I REPEAT, THE EMERGENCY IS OVER! NURSES, ORDERLIES, AND DOCTORS, PLEASE ESCORT ALL PATIENTS TO THE COMMON ROOMS ON EACH FLOOR!† Young Mr. Evans eyes the purple bruise rising on Wendell’s chin. Wendell eyes the purple bruise rising on the temple of young Mr. Evans. â€Å"Sawyer?† young Mr. Evans asks. â€Å"Sawyer,† Wendell confirms. â€Å"Bastard sucker punched me,† young Mr. Evans confides. â€Å"Son of a bitch came up behind me,† Wendell says. â€Å"The Marshall woman. He had her down.† He lowers his voice. â€Å"He was getting ready to rape her.† Young Mr. Evans’s whole manner says he is sorrowful but not surprised. â€Å"Something ought to be done,† Wendell says. â€Å"You got that right.† â€Å"People ought to be told.† Gradually, the old fire returns to Wendell’s eyes. People will be told. By him! Because that is what he does, by God! He tells people! â€Å"Yeah,† young Mr. Evans says. He doesn’t care as much as Wendell does he lacks Wendell’s burning commitment but there’s one person he will tell. One person who deserves to be comforted in her lonely hours, who has been left on her own Mount of Olives. One person who will drink up the knowledge of Jack Sawyer’s evil like the very waters of life. â€Å"This kind of behavior cannot just be swept under the rug,† Wendell says. â€Å"No way,† young Mr. Evans agrees. â€Å"No way, Jos? ¦.† Jack has barely cleared the gates of French County Lutheran when his cell phone tweets. He thinks of pulling over to take the call, hears the sound of approaching fire engines, and decides for once to risk driving and talking at the same time. He wants to be out of the area before the local fire brigade shows up and slows him down. He flips the little Nokia open. â€Å"Sawyer.† â€Å"Where the fuck are you?† Beezer St. Pierre bellows. â€Å"Man, I been hittin’ redial so hard I damn near punched it off the phone!† â€Å"I’ve been . . .† But there’s no way he can finish that, not and stay within shouting distance of the truth, that is. Or maybe there is. â€Å"I guess I got into one of those dead zones where the cell phone just doesn’t pick up â€Å" â€Å"Never mind the science lesson, chum. Get your ass over here right now. The actual address is 1 Nailhouse Row it’s County Road Double-O just south of Chase. It’s the babyshit brown two-story on the corner.† â€Å"I can find it,† Jack says, and steps down a little harder on the Ram’s gas pedal. â€Å"I’m on my way now.† â€Å"What’s your twenty, man?† â€Å"Still Arden, but I’m rolling. I can be there in maybe half an hour.† â€Å"Fuck!† There is an alarming crash-rattle in Jack’s ear as somewhere on Nailhouse Row Beezer slams his fist against something. Probably the nearest wall. â€Å"The fuck’s wrong with you, man? Mouse is goin’ down, I mean fast. We’re doin’ our best those of us who’re still here but he is goin’ down.† Beezer is panting, and Jack thinks he’s trying not to cry. The thought of Armand St. Pierre in that particular state is alarming. Jack looks at the Ram’s speedometer, sees it’s touching seventy, and eases off a tad. He won’t help anybody by getting himself greased in a road wreck between Arden and Centralia. â€Å"What do you mean ? ®those of us who are still here’?† â€Å"Never mind, just get your butt down here, if you want to talk to Mouse. And he sure wants to talk to you, because he keeps sayin’ your name.† Beezer lowers his voice. â€Å"When he ain’t just ravin’ his ass off, that is. Doc’s doing his best me and Bear Girl, too but we’re shovelin’ shit against the tide here.† â€Å"Tell him to hold on,† Jack says. â€Å"Fuck that, man tell him yourself.† There’s a rattling sound in Jack’s ear, the faint murmuring of voices. Then another voice, one which hardly sounds human, speaks in his ear. â€Å"Got to hurry . . . got to get over here, man. Thing . . . bit me. I can feel it in there. Like acid.† â€Å"Hold on, Mouse,† Jack says. His fingers are dead white on the telephone. He wonders that the case doesn’t simply crack in his grip. â€Å"I’ll be there fast as I can.† â€Å"Better be. Others . . . already forgot. Not me.† Mouse chuckles. The sound is ghastly beyond belief, a whiff straight out of an open grave. â€Å"I got . . . the memory serum, you know? It’s eatin’ me up . . . eatin’ me alive . . . but I got it.† There’s the rustling sound of the phone changing hands again, then a new voice. A woman’s. Jack assumes it’s Bear Girl. â€Å"You got them moving,† she says. â€Å"You brought it to this. Don’t let it be for nothing.† There is a click in his ear. Jack tosses the cell phone onto the seat and decides that maybe seventy isn’t too fast, after all. A few minutes later (they seem like very long minutes to Jack), he’s squinting against the glare of the sun on Tamarack Creek. From here he can almost see his house, and Henry’s. Henry. Jack thumps the side of his thumb lightly against his breast pocket and hears the rattle of the cassette tape he took from the machine in Spiegle-man’s office. There’s not much reason to turn it over to Henry now; given what Potter told him last night and what Mouse is holding on to tell him today, this tape and the 911 tape have been rendered more or less redundant. Besides, he’s got to hurry to Nailhouse Row. There’s a train getting ready to leave the station, and Mouse Baumann is very likely going to be on it. And yet . . . â€Å"I’m worried about him,† Jack says softly. â€Å"Even a blind man could see I’m worried about Henry.† The brilliant summer sun, now sliding down the afternoon side of the sky, reflects off the creek and sends shimmers of light dancing across his face. Each time this light crosses his eyes, they seem to burn. Henry isn’t the only one Jack’s worried about, either. He’s got a bad feeling about all of his new French Landing friends and acquaintances, from Dale Gilbertson and Fred Marshall right down to such bit players as old Steamy McKay, an elderly gent who makes his living shining shoes outside the public library, and Ardis Walker, who runs the ramshackle bait shop down by the river. In his imagination, all these people now seem made of glass. If the Fisherman decides to sing high C, they’ll vibrate and then shatter to powder. Only it’s not really the Fisherman he’s worried about anymore. This is a case, he reminds himself. Even with all the Territories weirdness thrown in, it’s still a case, and it’s not the first one you’ve ever been on where everything suddenly started to seem too big. Where all the shadows seemed to be too long. True enough, but usually that funhouse sense of false perspective fades away once he starts to get a handle on things. This time it’s worse, and worse by far. He knows why, too. The Fisherman’s long shadow is a thing called Mr. Munshun, an immortal talent scout from some other plane of existence. Nor is even that the end, because Mr. Munshun also casts a shadow. A red one. â€Å"Abbalah,† Jack mutters. â€Å"Abbalah-doon and Mr. Munshun and the Crow Gorg, just three old pals walking together on night’s Plutonian shore.† For some reason this makes him think of the Walrus and the Carpenter from Alice. What was it they took for a walk in the moonlight? Clams? Mussels? Jack’s damned if he can remember, although one line surfaces and resonates in his mind, spoken in his mother’s voice: â€Å"The time has come,† the Walrus said, â€Å"to talk of many things.† The abbalah is presumably hanging out in his court (the part of him that isn’t imprisoned in Speedy’s Dark Tower, that is), but the Fisherman and Mr. Munshun could be anywhere. Do they know Jack Sawyer has been meddling? Of course they do. By today, that is common knowledge. Might they try to slow him down by doing something nasty to one of his friends? A certain blind sportscaster-headbanger-bebopper, for instance? Yes indeed. And now, perhaps because he’s been sensitized to it, he can once more feel that nasty pulse coming out of the southwestern landscape, the one he sensed when he flipped over for the first time in his adult life. When the road curves southeast, he almost loses it. Then, when the Ram points its nose southwest again, the poisonous throb regains strength, beating into his head like the onset of a migraine headache. That’s Black House you feel, only it’s not a house, not really. It’s a worm-hole in the apple of existence, leading all the way down into the furnace-lands. It’s a door. Maybe it was only standing ajar before today, before Beezer and his pals turned up there, but now it’s wide open and letting in one hell of a draft. Ty needs to be brought back, yes . . . but that door needs to be shut, as well. Before God knows what awful things come snarling through. Jack abruptly swings the Ram onto Tamarack Road. The tires scream. His seat belt locks, and for a moment he thinks the truck may overturn. It stays up, though, and he goes flying toward Norway Valley Road. Mouse will just have to hang on a little bit longer; he’s not going to leave Henry way out here on his own. His pal doesn’t know it, but he’s going on a little field trip to Nailhouse Row. Until this situation stabilizes, it seems to Jack that the buddy system is very much in order. Which would have been all well and good if Henry had been at home, but he’s not. Elvena Morton, dust mop in hand, comes in response to Jack’s repeated jabbing at the doorbell. â€Å"He’s been over at KDCU, doing commercials,† Elvena says. â€Å"Dropped him off myself. I don’t know why he doesn’t just do them in his studio here, something about the sound effects, I think he might have said. I’m surprised he didn’t tell you that.† The bitch of it is, Henry did. Cousin Buddy’s Rib Crib. The old ball and chain. Beautiful downtown La Riviere. All that. He even told Jack that Elvena Morton was going to drive him. A few things have happened to Jack since that conversation he’s reencountered his old childhood friend, he’s fallen in love with Judy Marshall’s Twinner, and just by the way he’s been filled in on your basic Secret of All Existence but none of that keeps him from turning his left hand into a fist and then slamming himself directly between the eyes with it. Given how fast things are now moving, making this needless detour strikes him as an almost unforgivable lapse. Mrs. Morton is regarding him with wide-eyed alarm. â€Å"Are you going to be picking him up, Mrs. Morton?† â€Å"No, he’s going for a drink with someone from ESPN. Henry said the fellow would bring him back afterward.† She lowers her voice to the timbre of confidentiality at which secrets are somehow best communicated. â€Å"Henry didn’t come right out and say so, but I think there may be big things ahead for George Rathbun. Ver-ry big things.† Badger Barrage going national? Jack wouldn’t be entirely surprised, but he has no time to be delighted for Henry now. He hands Mrs. Morton the cassette tape, mostly so he won’t feel this was an entirely wasted trip. â€Å"Leave this for him where . . .† He stops. Mrs. Morton is looking at him with knowing amusement. Where he’ll be sure to see it is what Jack almost said. Another mental miscue. Big-city detective, indeed. â€Å"I’ll leave it by the soundboard in his studio,† she says. â€Å"He’ll find it there. Jack, maybe it’s none of my business, but you don’t look all right. You’re very pale, and I’d swear you’ve lost ten pounds since last week. Also . . .† She looks a bit embarrassed. â€Å"Your shoes are on the wrong feet.† So they are. He makes the necessary change, standing first on one foot and then the other. â€Å"It’s been a tough forty-eight hours, but I’m hanging in there, Mrs. M.† â€Å"It’s the Fisherman business, isn’t it?† He nods. â€Å"And I have to go. The fat, as they say, is in the fire.† He turns, reconsiders, turns back. â€Å"Leave him a message on the kitchen tape recorder, would you? Tell him to call me on my cell. Just as soon as he gets in.† Then, one thought leading to another, he points to the unmarked cassette tape in her hand. â€Å"Don’t play that, all right?† Mrs. Morton looks shocked. â€Å"I’d never do such a thing! It would be like opening someone else’s mail!† Jack nods and gives her a scrap of a smile. â€Å"Good.† â€Å"Is it . . . him on the tape? Is it the Fisherman?† â€Å"Yes,† Jack says. â€Å"It’s him.† And there are worse things waiting, he thinks but doesn’t say. Worse things by far. He hurries back to his truck, not quite running. Twenty minutes later Jack parks in front of the babyshit brown two-story at 1 Nailhouse Row. Nailhouse Row and the dirty snarl of streets around it strike him as unnaturally silent under the sun of this hot summer afternoon. A mongrel dog (it is, in fact, the old fellow we saw in the doorway of the Nelson Hotel just last night) goes limping across the intersection of Ames and County Road Oo, but that’s about the extent of the traffic. Jack has an unpleasant vision of the Walrus and the Carpenter toddling along the east bank of the Mississippi with the hypnotized residents of Nailhouse Row following along behind them. Toddling along toward the fire. And the cooking pot. He takes two or three deep breaths, trying to steady himself. Not far out of town close to the road leading to Ed’s Eats, in fact that nasty buzzing in his head peaked, turning into something like a dark scream. For a few moments there it was so strong Jack wondered if he was perhaps going to drive right off the road, and he slowed the Ram to forty. Then, blessedly, it began to move around toward the back of his head and fade. He didn’t see the NO TRESPASSING sign that marks the overgrown road leading to Black House, didn’t even look for it, but he knew it was there. The question is whether or not he’ll be able to approach it when the time comes without simply exploding. â€Å"Come on,† he tells himself. â€Å"No time for this shit.† He gets out of the truck and starts up the cracked cement walk. There’s a fading hopscotch diagram there, and Jack swerves to avoid it without even thinking, knowing it’s one of the few remaining artifacts which testify that a little person named Amy St. Pierre once briefly trod the boards of existence. The porch steps are dry and splintery. He’s vilely thirsty and thinks, Man, I’d kill for a glass of water, or a nice cold The door flies open, cracking against the side of the house like a pistol shot in the sunny silence, and Beezer comes running out. â€Å"Christ almighty, I didn’t think you were ever gonna get here!† Looking into Beezer’s alarmed, agonized eyes, Jack realizes that he will never tell this guy that he might be able to find Black House without Mouse’s help, that thanks to his time in the Territories he has a kind of range finder in his head. No, not even if they live the rest of their lives as close friends, the kind who usually tell each other everything. The Beez has suffered like Job, and he doesn’t need to find out that his friend’s agony may have been in vain. â€Å"Is he still alive, Beezer?† â€Å"By an inch. Maybe an inch and a quarter. It’s just me and Doc and Bear Girl now. Sonny and Kaiser Bill got scared, ran off like a couple of whipped dogs. March your boots in here, sunshine.† Not that Beezer gives Jack any choice; he grabs him by the shoulder and hauls him into the little two-story on Nailhouse Row like luggage. How to cite Black House Chapter Twenty-two, Essay examples

Literary Techniques Poetry Analysis Essay Example For Students

Literary Techniques Poetry Analysis Essay Purpose of using sound devices Like Imagery, sound devices are often used for three main reasons: ; To complement or emphasize the message of the poem. ; To create a mood. ; To reveal the speakers attitude. Alliteration refers to the repetition of Initial consonants in words next to or close to each other to produce a rhythmic effect Alliteration formed the basic structure of old English poetry, although in modern poetry it usually supplements the use of other poetic devices. In the following example, the repetition of the f sound In the first two lines lends them a rhythmic and musical quality: The furrow followed free: We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. From The Rime of the Ancient Mariner S. T. Coleridge Assonance refers to the repetition of vowels in words next to or close to each other, without regard for the following sounds. For example, So well go no more a-roving is an assonance that repeats the o vowel. It complements the attitude of the speaker: the o sound produces a moaning effect as if the speaker longs to spend time with his lover. Reed / wheel is an example of assonance, but reed / weed as an example of rhyme. Consonance refers to fixed consonant but changing vowel sounds. For example, e/escaped and scooped, groined and groaned, be/stirred and stared. Onomatopoeia is a sound device where the poet uses words to imitate real sound. Over the cobbles he clattered and clashed in the dark inn-yard, And he tapped with his whi p on the shutters, but all was locked and barred From The Highway Man by Alfred Noses Sound device used Sound produced? Sound quality? What is the poets purpose in using this? Out of the night that covers me Black as the pit from pole to pole; I thank whatever gods may be From Invites by William Ernest Henley Sound produced? Sound quality? What is the poets purpose in using this? l went hunting wild, After the wildest beauty in the world From Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen Rhythm, Rhyme and Repetition Rhythm and Rhyme are some of the most important structural elements in poetry. Repetition actually is the basis of many poetic devices. Rhythm Rhythm refers to the beat, or the pattern of stresses, which occur in poetry. It is a vital part of a poets craft for rhythm can be used to give great variety of effect in poetry. It can evoke the rhythm of a train or of a bulldozer, the lay motion off river r the urgent rush of a sprinter. Rhyme Rhyme is usually accepted as the repetition of an accented vowel sound (usually, although not always, followed by an identical consonant sound), and preceded by a letter or letters which are unlike in sound. Thus, true rhyme has the following features: Unlike sounds preceding a rhymed vowel sound Identical vowel sounds When consonant sounds follow the rhymed vowel sound, these also must be identical Usually, we can feel the rhythm best when we read aloud. We can mark the beats, or stresses and thus, see the pattern built in by the poet. Usually, we mark the stresses in a line of poetry with a small sloping dash above the accented syllable. ; Examples of true rhyme: fight/night, cat/mat, slow/toe, eat/feet ; Examples which are not true rhyme: fight/hide, cat/can, threw/through Rhyme is used to bind lines together into larger units, e. Stanzas, or even to set up relationships within an individual line (internal rhyme). End Rhyme The most common rhyme pattern used by poets is that called end rhyme. This simply means that the end words of lines rhyme. Two consecutive lines may rhyme, or alternate lines ay rhyme, or even more distant lines. Many variations are possible within a single poem. T he consistent feature is that the rhyme occurs only at the end of lines. In the following examples each new rhyme is given a new letter of the alphabet, following the end of the line. .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c , .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c .postImageUrl , .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c , .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c:hover , .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c:visited , .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c:active { border:0!important; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c:active , .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uda628b03a32284b105ebf79598fa309c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The poets present powerful feelings EssayHe clasps the crag with crooked hands; Ringed with the azure world, he stands. From The Eagle by Alfred, Lord Tennyson Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea From Crossing the Bar by Alfred, Lord Internal Rhyme When the rhyme pattern involves hymning a word half-way through a single line of poetry with the end word of the same line, it is called internal rhyme. It is used fairly frequently in ballads, and occasionally in other kinds of poetry. And I had done a hellish thing And it would work me woe: For all averred, I had killed the bird That made the breeze to blow. Ah wretch! Said they, the bird to slay, From The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by S. T. Coleridge Paraphrase ; A paraphrase is a poetic convention used to create dissonance in a poem. The basic paraphrase has beginning and end sounds that sound the same, with he vowel sound in the word being altered. Examples of paraphrase are night/naught, block/black/bleak and laughed/loft. Half Rhyme ; Half rhyme is a technique similar to paraphrase, but in which either the beginning or end sound is different vowel sound. Examples of half rhyme are mouth/truth and come/fame. ; The effect of paraphrase and half rhyme is to create a sense of rhyme, with a slightly discordant feel. Two examples are provided. The first is from Sir Patrick Spends and is, in fact, assonance. The second is part of a poem by the British poet, Wilfred Owen ho, perhaps more than most poets, refined the art of deliberately using paraphrase and half rhyme, often interspersed in alternate lines. The anchor broke, the topmast split, Twats such a deadly storm The waves came over the broken ship Till all her sides were torn. From Sir Patrick Spends, Anonymous It seemed that out of battle I escaped Down some profound dull tunnel, long since scooped Through granites which titanic wars had groined. Yet also there encumbered sleepers groaned, Too fast in thought or death to be bestirred. Then, as I probed them, one sprang up, and stared With piteous recognition in fixed eyes, Lifting distressful hands as if to bless. And by his smile, I knew that sullen hall By his dead smile I knew we stood in Hell. Repetition of a sound, syllable, word, phrase, line, stanza, or metrical pattern is a basic unifying device in all poetry. Many poetic devices are essentially forms of repetition: ; Rhyme is created by the repetition word (rime richer). ; Alliteration is created by the repetition of initial sounds of accented syllables. ; Assonance repeats similar vowel sounds with identical consonant clusters. The repetition of a whole line may e used in what is known as an envelope-stanza pattern, or may be used as a refrain at the end of each line.

VISTA Builders Enterprise System Struggle

Problems faced by VISTA Builders before introducing the new system Initially, the company operated under different lines, with each line taken as a single entity. There was no consolidation of operations. These lines include the fiberglass insulations, external siding and roofing materials.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on VISTA Builders Enterprise System Struggle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each of these lines had its own set of information systems. The company had more than two hundred rigid, old fashioned and isolated systems. Truck carriages, pricing schedules and product lines were also separate and different for each plant. Customers – due to the disintegrated system – had to make separate telephone calls when ordering each item. A customer had to make up to three different calls – one for the external sidings, another for fiberglass insulations and another for roofing ma terials. The company appeared as a collection of autonomous or rather independent fiefdoms. For example, before centralizing purchase, the sourcing manager, Mr. Vik Mike said that they were buying widgets from all over the world without enough knowledge of whom they were going to buy from and did not know how much they cost. This is before the company began using the SAP’s R/3 software. The management, technological and organizational issues faced by VISTA Builders face The whole process proved very expensive, estimated at about  £100 million and it was also time consuming. This means that it took several years to be fully implemented. The company faced a drop in overall production and there was a deterioration in customer service during the first six months. Installing something like a new SAP means a lot since it entails changing how people have been operating in the last two decades, like in the case of the VISTA builders. The first problem that the organization faced wa s technical problems. The response time changed from seconds to minutes with the introduction of the new system. VISTA Builders director of global development, David Johns affirmed that the functionality was not as it was supposed to be and this, according to him, was due to inadequate testing.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another set of problems that arose with the introduction of the new system were business problems. People were assigned new roles. There were changes in communication, business processing and even in management. The new SAP system, for example, required the entire co-operation to come up with a single product and price list. The staff resented this since they were incapable as a result of lack of enough knowledge. The staff had not been trained and the workload was overwhelming. This made them very erratic in their operations. In any business or organization, configuration is a great challenge. It requires a motivated team that is selected with a lot of keenness. It requires a team that is motivated and empowered to perform. To come up with such a team, it requires a serious employee education through vigorous training (Daniel, Jeane, Marie, 2000) John admits that they had under-estimated the impact that an overhaul of an old system would have had on their operations. ERP systems are quite complicated and errors are the order of the day. In the old system, VISTA builders could afford to easily work their way out of errors without being noticed or without being caught and this only affected the local functions. In the R/3 system, there was no time to correct errors since databases were updated immediately the data was entered. Data flows instantaneously. It moves from purchasing to logistic systems. These errors could be as serious as a customer failing to receive an invoice as a result of the person at the warehouse fa iling to tell the system that a truck is leaving. The accounts department would never find out since the transaction details would not spread. The staff also had to be kept away from the system until they were qualified. This was after doing a test and getting certification. Those who failed had to redo the training and testing. A substantial number of workers did not pass the test. Those who failed looked for employment elsewhere.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on VISTA Builders Enterprise System Struggle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since this involved a great number of personnel shifting, it became time consuming. This disrupted the organization’s normal running. The training process that was anticipated and budgeted to cost 7% of overall cost ended up consuming 13% of budget. The advent of the new system also posed some problems to the customers. Once the new system went live, the custome rs were shocked and some even opted for other suppliers for their goods and in effect to this, the company lost customers. The way business was influenced as the system of the enterprise changed ERP changes come with many business philosophy changes. The implementation brings great changes into an organization’s business structure and daily practice (Aleksey, 2009). Because of this fact, VISTA Builders had to undergo great transformation in its operations. Johns remarked that the new setup was a great success. However, there were various volatile situations, which greatly affected the life and existence of the organization. The entire systems were enabled to act and perform as a single unit. Customers were afforded a single point of contact for all their orders. With the old system, the organization could never tell what inventory they had in stock. However, with the new system, the company could now not only see what inventory was in stock but also tell when it will be produ ced and whoever the lowest-cost carrier will be. With the ERP system, it became easier to make a commitment to a customer before hanging up the phone. With the ERP system rollout in 2000, the company acquired and in-cooperated 17 companies, thus succeeding in expanding their product offerings. The company’s sales hit a whooping  £5 billion annually. Inventory was cut significantly and the co-ordination of various functions and divisions centralized. The organization had the ability of controlling and planning its activities while making use of the network of routes. The system was used in identifying the greatest suppliers.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Centralization of the company’s system was not only applied in the states but also in foreign countries. This transformed the company into a truly globalized enterprise. Was installing the system the right solution for company? Installing a new system was a great idea and a great vision for the company. In complete disregard of the challenges that VISTA Builders faced while setting up the new system, the SAP helped the organization to make big development strides in their operations. Be it the managerial, organizational, operational and technical squares, the new system brought great positive changes in the end. The old system – as noted – was non-flexible, archaic and isolated. This is a status that would undermine the operation of any organization or company. The new system brought an air of efficiency to the entire organization and its operation. It usually takes organizations years or even decades to realize some IT-enabled transformations – chances a re that an organization may still fail along the way (Lynne Cornelius, 2001). For the case of VISTA Builders, the transformation was never occasioned with failure but a bright looking future in terms of business and organization. References Aleksey, O 2009, ‘The 5 Biggest Challenges When Implementing ERP for the First Time’, Information Systems Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 167-185. Daniel, R, Jeane, WR Marie, B 2000, ‘Learning To implement Enterprise systems: An explanatory Study of The Dialectics of change’, Organization Science, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 213-219. Lynne, M Cornelius, T 2001, ‘The Enterprise System Experience-From Adoption to Success’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 510-540. This critical writing on VISTA Builders Enterprise System Struggle was written and submitted by user D'KenNeraman1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Producing Marisol essays

Producing Marisol essays Marisol, a play written by Jose Rivera, is the play I enjoyed reading the most this semester. Rivera, one of the leading contemporary Latin American playwrights, writes with an image. After reading Marisol, I came away with a very specific picture of what Rivera had in mind. He easily combines the realistic moments of life, the dangers of the Bronx, dealing with an emotionally unstable young man, Lenny, and the friendships developed with those we work with, with his world on the verge of apocalypse where the mundanities of life we take for granted have changed. Marisol has elements of pure theology where Rivera's own possible musings are written in to his characters. These elements include the appearance of Marisol's guardian angel in Marisol's dreams, the threat to Marisol's life in the form of a woman turned to a pile of salt and the smoke from a fire in Ohio blocking the sun in New York City. These all occur in the first act before the War of the Heavens begins. This play was written in the early nineties, copyright 1992, 1994, and revised and copyrighted 1999. Rivera was very specific in his stage directions and overall views of the design and production of the play in order to facilitate his image. These stage directions and other designs should be followed by the people producing his play in order to produce the image the play means to impart to the audience. He poises a gold crown, suspended in the air over the set, over the actors, over all of his creation, signifying God. But this crown, this God, remains motionless, remains detached from all the proceedings. To support his unnervingly imminently apocalyptic world, the mundanities that we would take for granted that are missing from Marisol's world, like the moon and the extinction of coffee, are dropped to the audience in a conversation between June, a co-worker and Marisol's best friend, and Marisol at work(Rivera 22-23). To accomplish the subtlety of unnerv...

Using both examples of theory and practical cases (both company and Essay

Using both examples of theory and practical cases (both company and country examples) assess the relative importance of political and cultural factors in influencing global investment decisions - Essay Example Before establishing investments in a foreign country, it is important to assess the status of its politics as well as its cultural orientation. This is because politics and culture of the host country are major determinants of the success of foreign investment in it. Ignoring political threats in global investment decisions puts the company at a high risk of failure. (Cateora, Philip R. and John L. Graham, 1998 pp.23-25). In recent years, politics and the threats they pose to foreign investors determine the success of a company. They are the ones that actually determine the winner or looser. Investment policies of a country are normally formulated nationally through local policy plans. This could lead to uncalled for negative impacts on the global market. Political intervention on the market systems of many countries is rampant. This is happening in the developed and developing countries, necessitating caution while companies consider investing in foreign countries. The regulations of the global market are being changed time and again by politicians and can be disadvantageous to foreign companies especially those that invest heavily on fixed assets such as in the tourism industry where companies make huge capital outlay for assets such as buildings and infrastructure. The major threat caused by political interference is over-regulation thereby bringing in impediments to open capital flow which may ad versely affect the global market (Mooij Marieke. 1998 pp. 38-41). Political risks are the possibilities that may occur in the host country due to political decisions or actions that may have a negative impact on the business. In such cases, companies may end up loosing their money or fail to perform according to the expectations. They include confiscation of property due to local misunderstanding, changes in currency value, restrictions of business activities, politically instigated violence such as the one that was experienced in Rwanda in 1992,

My narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My narrative - Essay Example It is crucially important for educators to encourage inclusive education, in which the classroom is converted into such a learning environment where students with special needs are encouraged to learn and develop self-confidence, without having to face ridicule. For example, autism, dyslexia, hearing and visual impairments, and ADHD are such disorders that involve specially designed teaching strategies. For me, it will be important to understand the problems of such children in my classroom, in order to plan my lessons accordingly. Children with special needs require special support with their learning styles (James, 2008, p.54). A multisensory approach is the best which supports the child in all the three ways: auditory, visual and kinesthetic. ICT offers many solutions for children with disabilities (McKeon, 2000). Teachers must understand that children with special needs need extra time and effort in understanding the lesson, and hence they should be treated quite differently in l esson, but not in a way that makes them stand out. Hence, teachers must implement such learning strategies that help dyslexic children retain information in their memory for longer time, while helping them maintain their self-esteem at the same

Implications of Outsourcing to China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Implications of Outsourcing to China - Essay Example 2005). The business culture of china is totally different from that of the western countries. However due to the recent developments the business culture is coming in terms with the traditional practices. Most of the Chinese business contacts are referrals. Normally a business relationship develops on the basis of recommendations. Best prices and deals come from strong recommendations. However due to the advancement of technology, now internet, cold calls and direct contacts also influence the business culture of China. All business relationships in china which has an individual nature gradually develop into a social one very shortly unlike in the case of western culture where the relationship is truly professional. The concept of seniority is of very much importance in China especially when it comes to dealing with state run enterprises. High respect and rank is given to seniority (Understanding Chinese business culture and etiquette.2011). In the organizational culture front, there is fierce competition that is prevailing in China particularly in the technology industry like outsourcing. Constant innovations are a book mark for sustainability. Leveraging of intellectual capital and strong linkage between human resource management practices and knowledge related outcomes are other features (Chow.& Liu.2007). China is rapidly moving towards a fully established market economy. It is slowly emerging as a leader in outsourcing business. But still the state is responsible for monitoring this transition. For outsiders, the economic decision making looks confusing because of the related patchwork of competing geographical and sectarian authorities operate in the country. There is imposition of taxes, rents as well as regulations all done by the authorities before the project is undertaken and during its lifetime. The economic decision making is made at the central level as well as the state level. Now there is a growing willingness from the part of the authorities to devolve the executive powers to local authorities for the smooth decision making (Political environment. 1986). The economic environment of china with regard to outsourcing in particular is some what encouraging now. With deflationary pressures not in the anvil since 2003, the only worrying factor is the inflationary rate which the Chinese government claims to keep within three percent this year. Moreover entering the WTO as well as economic development coupled with rich economic resources provide bright future for the country (The economic environment in China. 2004). Overall the monetary environment in China looks favorable. China has taken giant leaps to improve the environmental and labor conditions in the outsourcing business area. This has made to bring down costs to a considerable extent. But since 2008, the outsourcing in china is not that cheap when compared with previous years. There was an increase of around 20% in costs in the outsourcing industry over the years. The co ncept of low cost manufacturing is fast disappearing in China. It is becoming an expensive place to do business. This is because of the strict environmental and labor laws enacted by the Chinese government (Maltby.E. 2008). The legal environment in China is strictly regulated. All business entering Chinese market is required to establish a legal entity under the Chinese law. In some areas

Sonoco Products Company

Sonoco Products Company According to (Chidambaram VijayabanuS and Ramachandran, 2012) success of a company is based on the human assets. This case study report is on Sonoco Products Company and its HR activities under the leadership of Cindy Hartley. It provides an overview of Sonoco Products Company, change requirements in the package industry and their influence on Sonocos strategy in tune with the objectives of the vice president of the company, analysis of the changes and judging their effectiveness, identifying the problems in Sonocos strategy with respect to HR management besides identifying ways and means to improve the HRM operations in Sonoco. According to ( Gibb, Stephen, 2003), HRM is essential. Finally suitable recommendations are given to Sonoco for the betterment of its strategies as world class HR organization under the leadership of its vice president Cindy Hartley. With leadership qualities senior management can take higher responsibilities (Jean-Francois Coget, 2011). About Sonoco Products Company In consumer and industrial packaging Sonoco is a global company with around 100 years of experience. In its chosen business, right from the inception from 1980s till initial part of 1990s, Sonoco enjoyed success and tremendous growth financially (Sonoco Products Case Study p1). However, due to its fixed pricing of plants, economic crisis in US markets such as manufacturing exports severely impacted Sonoco. For instance, due to such reasons, sales of Sonoco fell 6% down between the years 1995-1999. Nevertheless, the company, with its strategies to reduce expenses, managed to gain increase in profits by 14% in the period. Afterwards, sales of the company declined and that caused its stock values coming down and pressure was built on the company to maintain credibility with shareholders. At this juncture, new CEO by name Harris DeLoach was appointed by Sonoco. The main challenges before DeLoach were to reduce operational costs; to ensure top-line business growth; restructuring the consu mer packaging division; bring about cooperation across the divisions; considering human resources as corporate resources rather than a talent managed under general manager; revamping and restructuring divisions including HR (Sonoco Products Case Study p1). Since the beginning of Cindy Hartley in the capacity of senior VP of HR division, she was working totally towards the throats of the companys CEO DeLoach. In her tenure she introduced many changes and new policies in order to improve the business performance of the company, succession planning, development, compensation etc. Earlier when the company was in full swing of profits, the managers did not take the inefficient employees seriously as business growth was evidenced. Now it is changed and Cindy Hartley as per the DeLoachs challenge responded quickly and pondered over the problem and improve efficiency in HRM wing. Towards all these things, and reduce the cost Cindy Hartley set forth three important objectives as outlined in other section of this report (Sonoco Products Case Study p1). Packaging Industry and Sonoco Sonoco has been into the packaging industry. In 19900 packaging industry was making good revenues. The revenue generated by around 100, 000 companies worldwide was worth $400 billion. Consumer packaging paper and board reported very good increase in its growth. Paper and board recorded 34% revenues while consumer packaging recorded 70% and industrial packaging at 30%. In the later part of 1990s, due to globalization, businesses encountered competitive challenges and also growth opportunities (Sonoco Products Case Study p2). Manufacturing became decentralized as many companies from USA moved to other countries such as India and China where human resources were not costly. Later years i.e. between 1998-2000 there was dramatic increase in the share of five big companies reported at 40% to 60% increase in revenues. Consumer preferences were changed and domestic consumer markets recorded the segmentation of products were changed as per the preferences. When it comes to food industry more evidence is observed. In the retail markets products are even altered as per the customer requirements. Due to customer preferences instead of one version of product seven or eight becomes a common place. Packaging also was playing an important role while branding and thus it attracts more people. In those days in retail business packaging was more influential than advertising for getting new customers and retaining the existing one (Sonoco Products Case Study p2). As there are many changes in global economy and market conditions in USA, the effect of globalization, it was the responsibility of packaging companies to be more innovative and implement changes in the business as required. As said by an observer to win in the race one has to use emerging technologies as that gives winning edge to organizations. Companies who were into packaging invested a huge amount for making timely changes to their product designs. Afterwards the concept that appeared was one-stop-shop which attracted manufacturing firms, and other related businesses. The issues in the packaging industry include globalization of businesses, fixed price concept of Sonoco, USA firms started investing overseas, adapting to technology innovations, abrupt changes in the product design, decline in sales and revenues etc. The changes in the business arena, especially in the packaging industry influenced Sonoco to change its strategies and focus on more customers and solutions oriented and understood the words of Proctor Gamble. It also started looking at markets with focused coordination (Sonoco Products Case Study p3). What were Cindy Hartleys objectives for changes at Sonoco? Cindy Hartley, after becoming VP or HR department of Sonoco, she set forth three objectives to be achieved which were in tune with the thoughts of the new CEO of the company who wanted to cut short expenses of the organization more than 20% (Sonoco Products Case Study p1). The objectives are as given below. Making GMs accountable for managing talent and ensure that inefficient employees are not entertained. Considering HR talent as corporate resource rather than GMs talent and utilizing the human resources evenly across divisions. Developing consistent practices towards HRM. Optimizing HR to support business objectives of GM. Before she took office, employees were given salaries even when they are not performing. It does mean that as the company was in good profits, it ignored the HR best practices towards people who do not perform well. Cindy Hartley in the capacity of VP under the guidance of CEO wanted to make this organizational change to see that human resources are optimally utilized. GMs were made responsible for optimal usage of human resources and considered HR talent as corporate resource instead of just looking at it GMs manpower (Sonoco Products Case Study p1). HR Changes at Sonoco When Cindy Hartley was hired as new VP of HR window of Sonoco, she identified many problems with HR function as it was ruined and not consistent. The organizational structure in 1995 has some inherent problems. The focus on HR was different in those days. They thought it as something like back-room operation (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The organizational structure was tactical in nature rather than strategic. In 1990s large divisions in the company have their own HR functions which are individual and not aligned to the overall corporate HR function properly. There were inconstancies in payroll related activities and also confidentiality was not maintained in such matters. The main problem was that corporate HR was seen in different perspective. It was seen as an entity that simply takes care of recruitments and relationships between employees and organization. Strategic planning was not possible due to staff structure which was complex. GMs of divisions exercised discretion and make mistakes in the process of providing compensation to staff members (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The reporting structure of the company has less useful things and HR people were taking things for granted. The process of compensations was considered entitlements rather than looking them at in practical cost related perspective. Sonocos employee appraisal strategy was also not perfect. The timing of it and the encouraging merit employees was not flawless. There were cases of manipulation of performance reports. The performance evaluation was not actually reflecting the efficiency of employees. At the same time experienced employees are an asset (Barbara A. Anderson, 2005). Worst case is that the best performed employees were fired due to reasons other than performance. There were not action plans, and there were complaints from the employees with respect to their career (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). When Hartley took office in 1995, she was determined to build HR group with much focus on business orientation and professionalism. Priority was given for making leaders in the organization. It does mean that leadership traits were taught to HR people. The companys growth strategy, cash flow, working capital management was given focus. Favourable work conditions also play a role (ISIK U. ZEYTINOGLU GORDON B. COOKE KARLENE HARRY JAMES CHOWHAN1, 2008). The priorities set by Hartley to set the things right are as shown below (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The compensation strategies and measuring performance of individualos is given top priority as this ensures that the best performers are given right compensation. Planning for making good number of leaders for the ensuing generation. A robust employee development process that ensured that employees skills are improved constantly. Organizational performance results in financial growth (Brain becker and barry garhat, 1966). From the perspective of changes in the organization she was regarded as a change maker. She was well known among her colleagues as a good manager. A counsel was built to help in HR management. When she stared change management, many in the organization did not allow it. For instance HR heads of the divisions resisted her actions towards making changes in HR strategies (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The first problem tackled was compensation and performance management as they are fundamental issues of HR. In 1996, HR management was revised again to make it more effective. Its main focus was on alignment and consistency. For change management all stake holders are convinced. For each plant manager specific set of metrics are given. For Instance the metrics are safety, customer returns, quality, machine downtime, plat profit etc. The metrics of individual units are aligned with overall busine ss objectives of the company. In 1997, the Sonoco Products Company adopted a shared vision with respect to performance management. In other words Sonoco discussed the performance management strategies with employees as well (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The compensation management and salary system are combined. The mangers were encouraged to follow guidelines and educate employees so as to make them to give best services and also measures value addition of individuals. With respect to succession planning and leadership development the strategies are to be agreed up on by divisional senior management. And advisory team was built by Hartley for improving the system (Sonoco Products Case Study p4). The six leadership traits are recorded. They include coaching and monitoring, knowledge management, teamwork, strategic integration, communication and customer satisfaction through excellence. Sonoco followed three sources for assessing the capabilities of managers. They include successi on planning, performance management system and 360-degree feedback. HR function is improved every year. By 2000, almost all fundamental changes were made to the organizational HR function. Hartley revamped aspects like IT systems, performance management, compensation, diversity and succession planning. However, it has must to do to make strides in business growth. Intensive and basic compensation plans were subjected to major changes (Sonoco Products Case Study p1). HR Structure Recommendation for Sonoco HRM efficiency is possible through right personnel (Y. Paul Huo, Heh Jason Huang, and Nancy K. Napier, 2002). Hartley wanted to restructure HR function. There are two models for structural organization of HR division. They include centralization model and hybrid model. In the centralization model many HR activities are handled by four centers of expertise. These divisions are managed by field experts who have wealth of knowledge. It helps in the reduction of administrative and other costs pertaining to process improvement. However, it faces fewer opportunities when it has to be aligned with individual businesses (Sonoco Products Case Study p7). Centralization requires clever way of handling HRM (Asma Zaineb, 2011). The second option is named as hybrid structure. In this approach the divisions have provisions in the involvement of compensation, personnel programs, succession planning and staffing. It leaves the individual HR manager on which GMs rely. The both structures meant for imp lementing HR strategy that is common in both. The HR changes done by Hartley are sustainable as they are meant for reducing expenses and improve large scale business opportunities (Sonoco Products Case Study p7). For HR structure of Sonoco I recommend centralized model as it has many advantages over hybrid structure (Heidi Cardenas, 2012). The advantages include reduction in operational costs, concentration of HR skills, sharing of knowledge, optimization processes and organizational support. Centralized human resources model can save operational costs for various activities of HR such as recruiting, benefits and compensation management, and recruiting. Sharing of knowledge among the divisions is possible through centralized computing. Technology should be used in recruitments (Derek S.Chapman and Jane Webster, 2003) Centralized HR managers are easily accessible and one can get faster service (Heidi Cardenas, 2012). It promotes HR skills improvements. Business processes can be optimized effectively using centralized HR model. It facilitates easy and consistent development of processes for various activities like performance management, recognition, recruiting, and payroll. Its easy to develop companywide aspects such as resource processes, easy to develop communication with all places in the organization. Another advantage of centralized computing is better organizational support for company. Centralized approach well suites organizations where staff members are trained as to how to communicate effectively. The approach provides (Heidi Cardenas, 2012). SHRM also gained popularity (Patrick M. Wright, Benjamin B. Dunford, Scott A. Snell, 2001). Nevertheless, centralized model of HR has its limitations such as administration causing inequalities, strict conformity of official norms etc. and dictatorship which does not take employees into confidence while making policies (Asma Zaineb, 2011). Size of the organization also has consideration for HRM strategy (GEORGE CALLAGHAN AND PAUL THOMPSON, 2002). Fig. 1 Centralized Model for HR Structure As can be seen in fig. 1, the HR structure of Sonoco has VP at the top of the hierarchy. The single rooted hierarchy with administrative, experts and field staff services. The study of Sonocos business scenario and HR function closely from the views of Hartley and CEO of the company, there was lot of improvement in its functioning due to the efforts of Hartley. However, it can be said that it needs further improvement. The following are the recommendations for Sonoco. First and foremost importance has to be given to a centralized mode of HR structure as it has many advantages. It reduces costs of process improvement activiti4es and also administrative costs. As Sonoco VP of HR and CEO of the company want to reduce the operational costs, the centralized model is best suited. The existing practice of linking HR operations and processes with business objectives of Sonoco, culture and values has to be continued with further changes if required. HR influences many key systems (Coro Strandberg, 2009). The best practices are pertaining to it such as organizational core competencies, performance management, 360 degree reviews, building tomorrow leader through career development and training, organizational reviews, learning by doing, online performance and learning, training for sales and marketing people, team skill development, reward and recognition including broad banding, and centennial shares. There is relationship between training and organizational performance (Salem Shiryan, Dr. Himanshu Shee and Deborah Stewart, 2012). And training makes organization stronger (Rebecca Grossman and Eduardo Salas, 2011). Reflection The HRM module has given me adequate insights into the HRM activities that help me in putting in into use in my future endeavors. Understanding certain concepts of HRM has led me to know the fundamentals of HRM. From the study it is understood that human resource department is not meant for acting as back-room while it has tremendous utility when harnessed properly. The study also let me know the important structure for HRM such as centralized hybrid models. Moreover Sonoco case study has given me in depth understanding possibilities in realizing the case with respect to HR management. From this experience I came to know certain facts related to HR structures known as centralized and hybrid. No changes can be implemented without people involving in the process. This is the reason continuous education and training is required to staff members in order to improve quality in service and also produce leaders for future generation.

Tissue Engineering Muscle by Micropatterning for Therapeutic Transplant

Tissue Engineering Muscle by Micropatterning for Therapeutic Transplantation There is growing interest to treat patients with inherited or acquired muscular disorders by transplantation of cells to the site of dysfunction to restore normal function. One candidate cell source is skeletal muscle, which can be harvested from surrounding tissues for cell culture before injecting into the site of dysfunction. However, this treatment may not be practical because harvesting skeletal muscle may lead to significant muscle loss and increased susceptibility to infection. One effective way to develop the needed tissue is through tissue engineering. Tissue engineering is the development of molecules, cells, tissues, or organs to replace or support dysfunctional body parts. Myoblasts, which are muscle precursor cells, a form on stem cells found in muscle, are a promising cell source for tissue engineering because they play an active role in regenerating muscle due to injury. Normally quiescent, myoblasts respond to muscle injury by rapidly proliferating and then differentiating, which results in the fusion of neighboring myoblasts into myofibers. Myoblasts can be easily cultured in vitro and are capable of forming muscle. Since myoblasts have the potential to differentiate into muscle fibers, they show tremendous promise for developing muscle tissue that can be used to for cell transplantation and tissue engineering. By creating an effective means of engineering muscle tissue, clinici...

A group II metal hydroxide Essay

To find the identity of X(OH)2 (a group II metal hydroxide) by determining it’s solubility from a titration with 0.05 mol dm-3 HCL Theory:1. Titrations are the reaction between an acid solution with an alkali. In this reaction (called neutralization), the acid donates a proton (H+) to the alkali (base). When the two solutions are combined, the products made are salt and water. For example: 2HCl(aq) + X(OH)2 (aq) XCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) This shows the one of the products i.e. salt being XCl2 and water. So titration therefore helps to find the concentration for a solution of unknown concentration. This involves the controlled addition of a standard solution of known. Indicators are used to determine, at what stage has the solution reached the ‘equivalence point'(inflextion point). This means at which, does the number of moles base added equals the number of moles of acid present. i.e. pH 7 Titration of a strong Acid with a Strong Base: As shown in the graph, the pH goes up slowly from the start of the tiration to near the equivalence point. i.e (the beginning of the graph). At the equivalence point moles of acid equal mole of base, and the solution contains only water and salt from the cation of the base and the anion of the acid. i.e. the vertical part of the curve in the graph. At that point, a tiny amount of alkali casuses a sudden, big change in pH. i.e. neutralised. Also shown in the graph are methyl orange and phenolpthalein. These two are both indicators that are often used for acid-base titrations. They each change colour at different pH ranges. For a strong acid to strong alkali titration, either one of those indicators can be used. However for a strong acid/weak alkali only methyl orange will be used due to pH changing rapidly across the range for methyl orange. That is from low to high pH i.e. red to yellow respectively pH (3.3 to 4.4), but not for phenolpthalein. Weak acid/strong alkali, phenolpthalein is used, the pH changes rapidly in an alkali range. From high to low pH, that is from pink to colourless pH(10-8.3) respectively but not for methyl orange. However for a weak acid/ weak alkali titrations there’s no sharp pH change, so neither can work. Therefore in this investigation, the titration will be between a 0.05 mol dm-3 of HCl with X(OH)2, using phenolphthalein. Dependant Variable: Is the volume of HCl to achieve a colour change that is from pink to colourless. The Controlled variables : 1. the same source of HCl 2. same concentration of HCl 3. Same source of X(OH)2 4. Same volume of X(OH)2 5. Same equipment, method, room temperature Controlled Variables How to control How to monitor 1. Same source of HCl Using the same batch of HCl or from the same brand will control this. If the concentration was not to be same throughout, then this will cause different ratios of the components of the solution, that might cause different volume of HCl to be obtained for the neutralization to occur. 2. Same concentration of HCl This will be controlled by using the same batch of HCl and from the same source i.e. the same brand. By using the same batch ensures that the reactant concentration is the same. If another batch were to be used causes the concentration to differ. This causes the HCl obtained to be different. 3.Same source of X(OH)2 Using the same batch of X(OH)2 or from the same brand will control this. If the concentration was not to be same throughout, then this will cause different ratios of the components of the solution that might cause different volume of HCl to be obtained for the neutralization to occur. 4. Same volume of X(OH)2 This will be controlled by using the same batch of X(OH)2 and from the same source i.e. the same brand. By using the same batch ensures that the reactant concentration is the same. If another batch were to be used causes the concentration to differ. This causes the HCl obtained to be different. 5. Same equipment, method, room temperature The method would be kept the same and the same set of equipment and brand will need to be used throughout. The room temperature will be kept throughout at 180C by using a water bath. If different equipment or brands were used then there would be a lot of anomalies in the experiment causing a huge amount of inaccuracy of measurement particularly. Results: Raw data results were collected by using 25.00 cm3 of X(OH)2 with phenolphthalein and the volume of HCl was obtained by the solution going from pink to colourless. The volume of HCl found in 50.0cm3 burette à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.05 cm3 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Average 19.600 19.800 19.600 19.700 19.675 Qualitative results that occurred during the experiment: * Conical flask swirling not even between the trials * Difficult to judge ‘colourless’ solution change – subjective end point * Ability to measure 25cm3 * Filling of burette accurately with HCl – 0 point in right spot * Residual distilled water or solutions remain in conical flask i.e. diluted/interfered with subsequent solutions of X(OH)2 Average = trials (1+2+3+4)/4 Therefore: (19.6 + 19.8 + 19.6 + 19.7)/4 = 98.5/4 = 19.675 Due to the equation being 2HCl(aq) + X(OH)2 (aq) XCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) Therefore the ratio is 2:1 of 2 HCl : 1 X(OH)2 So using the equations mentioned above: Moles of acid is the number of moles= concentration X volume i.e. the volume will be used from the average Therefore: =0.05mol/dm3 x 19.675 cm3 =19.6 cm3 / 1000 = 0.0196 dm3 =0.05mol/dm3x0.0196 dm3 = 0.00098 moles So Moles of alkali in 25.000 cm3 Moles of HCl / 25.000 cm3 due to the ratio being 2:1, therefore 0.00098/2= 0.00049 moles of HCl So now the ratio is 1:1 so 0.00049 moles of X(OH)2 Moles of alkali in 100 cm3 It is assumed that there are four lots of 25 cm3 = 4 x 0.00049 = 0.00196 moles The next series of results will be used to calculate solubility of each compound by their mass in 100 cm3 The total Mr has been calculated in the table below for each compound. This was done by : Mr of X + ((O + H) X 2). Each element Mr for the following elements (OH)2 Total Mr Be 9.010 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 43.030 Mg 24.310 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 58.330 Ca 40.080 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 74.100 Sr 87.620 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 121.640 Ba 137.340 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 171.360 To obtain the solubility’s of metal II hydroxides is moles X Mr of the compound Therefore this table shows the calculation for the solubility’s for each of the different compounds Each element Total Mr Moles of X(OH)2 Solubiltity given as g/100 cm3 Literature values of the compounds given as g/100 cm3 Be(OH)2 43.03 0.00196 0.0843 0.000 Mg(OH)2 58.33 0.00196 0.114 0.001 Ca(OH)2 74.10 0.00196 0.0145 0.170 Sr(OH)2 121.64 0.00196 0.0238 0.770 Ba(OH)2 171.36 0.00196 0.335 3.700 Uncertainties: The uncertainty in measurement: Uncertainty due to pipette of 25.000 cm3 : Volume of X(OH)2 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.100 cm3 Percentage uncertainty = (0.1/25) X 100 = 0.400% Uncertainty due to Burrette of 50.000 cm3: Assumed due to measured volume of 19.675 cm3 and the uncertainty due to the smallest unit of measurement being 0.1 cm3 Therefore 0.1/2= à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.050 cm3 Percentage uncertainty = (0.05 /19.675) X 100 = 0.254% Therefore total uncertainty = 0.400% + 0.254% = 0.654% Conclusion and Evaluation: X(OH)2 is most likely to be Ca(OH)2 as the calculated solubility is closest to the literature value given of Ca(OH)2. The solubility for Ca(OH)2 0.145 g/100 cm3 and the literature value is 0.170 g/100 cm3. This shows that the difference is only 0.025 cm3. However the comparison between Be(OH)2 of the calculated solubility is 0.0843 g/100 cm3 and of it’s literature value 0.000 g/100 cm3 . Shows that there is a greater difference. Showing that it cannot be X(OH)2 solution. This is also shown for Mg(OH)2 as the difference between the calculated solubility and the literature value is 0.113 g/100 cm3, showing that it still has a greater difference than Calcium hydroxide does. The difference between Sr(OH)2 and it’s literature value is 0.532g/100 cm3. However the difference between the calculated solubility of Barium hydroxide and the literature value is 3.365 g/100 cm3 showing there is a great difference so it cannot be Barium hydroxide. The percentage error of Ca(OH)2 = [(0.170 – 0.145)/0.170] X 100 = (0.025/0.170) X 100 = 14.705% Throughout the experiment there were systematic errors and random errors that were met. Uncertainties/limitations Error Type of error Quantity of error Explanation for error Improvements Measurement in burette Systematic error +/- 0.05cm3 Equipment limitation, this is because the line where each of the reading might not be precise. Different manufacturer should be used with multiple trials in order to increase the accuracy of the calculated value to the literature value. Measurement in pipette Systematic error +/-0.1cm3 Equipment limitation, this is because due to the pipette only holding 25 cm3 of volume. The line could have been where the actual reading might not be Causing the result to not be precise. Different manufacturer should be used with multiple trials in order to increase the accuracy of the calculated value to the literature value. Point of colour change Random error Not quantifiable Human observation – subjective measurement. This is because even though a white tile is used, it is unclear as to what point has the solution gone colourless. Use alternative indicator for several different trials, use pH meter to assess neutralization point. Therefore there will be a more precise point as to when the solution becomes green. Temperature fluctuations Random error Not quantifiable There can be a change of measurements of equipment due to variation in expansion and contraction of materials. Due to the temperatures not being constant from the fan, windows or from the air conditioner. Controlled lab environment of the temperature by using a water bath at 180C with no air conditioner, fans working. To ensure no fluctuations occur. Fluctuations in humidity of room Random error Not quantifiable Change solution concentrations due to differences in evaporation rate in the surrounding air. Controlled lab environment Calibration error in burette Systematic error Not quantifiable 0 line incorrectly marked Divisions on burette inaccurate Use different manufacturer’s equipment for other trials Calibration error in pipette Systematic error Not quantifiable 25cm3 line incorrectly marked. Because it is unclear as to where the true meniscus lies. Causing the values measured out to be not precise. Also due to there being only one line causes a further decrease in the precision of the results. Use different manufacturer’s equipment for other trials to ensure that the accuracy increases. Another improvement that will be done, if the experiment were to be repeated is that due to the inaccuracy of the conical flask being swirled. If the conical flask is being swirled unevenly there is a chance of inaccurate results of when the colourless solution occurs. Therefore a stirring rod should be used to increase the accuracy of the swirls of the reaction in the conical flask. Another limitation that arouse in this experiment that would be improved if the experiment were to be done again is that after the neutralization reaction had occurred, there would still be some residue of the distilled water used to rinse out the equipment. This can be improved by increase the number of repeats of rinse. This would ensure that more of the diluted solution would have been removed. Also the trials can also increase, to 10 repeats so that there is more variance so that the accuracy increases. Another improvement might be, to use different indicator, for example methyl orange. Due to the colour change would be from red to yellow would make it easier for the pH 7 to be more easily recognized against a white tile then it was with phenolphthalein. Cited Sources: 1. http://www.vigoschools.org/~mmc3/c1%20lecture/Chemistry%201-2/Lecture%20Notes/Unit%205%20-%20Acids%20and%20Titration/L3%20-%20Acid-Base%20Reactions%20and%20Titration.pdf